Which factor is likely to cause missing apices in radiographic images?

Missing apices in radiographic images can often be attributed to insufficient vertical angulation. When the vertical angulation is not adequate, the X-ray beam does not adequately capture the entire tooth structure, particularly the root apices, which are located below the level of the alveolar bone. This can lead to the tips of the roots being cut off in the resulting image, resulting in information loss about the extent of root structures, which is critical for diagnosis and treatment planning.

In contrast, proper vertical angulation ensures that the X-ray beam is directed in a way that encompasses the complete tooth, including both the crown and the root. Excessive vertical angulation, on the other hand, might distort the image or create a similar issue, but insufficient vertical angulation is directly responsible for truncating the image at the apex. Correct sensor placement is essential for obtaining quality images, but it alone cannot compensate for inadequate angulation. Improper film processing can affect image quality but does not specifically relate to missing apices due to angulation issues.