If a radiograph has both a long image and missing apices, what does this suggest about the technique used?

The presence of a long image along with missing apices on a radiograph strongly indicates that improper vertical angulation and technique were employed during the imaging process. When vertical angulation is incorrect, particularly if the angle is too steep or too shallow, it can lead to distortions in the radiograph. Specifically, if the vertical angulation is too flat, the longer shapes may appear elongated, and important anatomical structures, such as the apices of the teeth, may not be captured, resulting in their apparent absence on the film.

This scenario underscores the importance of both proper technique and angulation when capturing dental radiographs to ensure that both clarity and completeness of anatomical details are maintained. Adjustments to vertical angulation and adherence to recommended positioning techniques can significantly enhance the quality and accuracy of the radiographic images produced.